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The 16th to the 18th Century
English exploration begins.
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Pepper vine
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During the 1500s the English looked north for their own route to the east. They did not find one, but in 1600 Elizabeth I chartered the British East India Company and began to take control in India. In 1780 the Dutch and English fought a war over the spice trade that destroyed the Dutch East India Company. By 1799 the Dutch lost all spice trading centers, and the company closed.
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